Given its non-specific clinical presentation, the diffusion of WNV constitutes a crucial and emerging concern. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Fever

  Patients with encephalitis fared worse than patients with meningitis and fever, considering hospitalization, length of stay, discharge, recovery, and case-fatality. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Here are entered works on the virus that causes West Nile fever. Works on the disease caused by the West Nile virus are entered under [West Nile fever.] [id.loc.gov]

• Inflammation

  With the exception of testis and brain, most foci of infection were not associated with inflammation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  West Nile is a mosquito-borne virus that can cause encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) or meningitis (inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord). West Nile virus is spread to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito. [www1.nyc.gov]

  About 1 in 150 people who are infected develop a severe illness affecting the central nervous system such as encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) or meningitis (inflammation of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord). [web.archive.org]

  It may cause inflammation of the brain, called encephalitis, or inflammation of the tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, called meningitis. A physical exam, health history and laboratory tests can diagnose it. [medlineplus.gov]

• Fatigue

  Most people with this type of West Nile virus disease recover completely, but fatigue and weakness can last for weeks or months. Serious symptoms in a few people. [web.archive.org]

  Of the 20% that do show symptoms, most experience mild illness with symptoms such as: Fever Headache Body aches Fatigue Skin rash Occasionally, vomiting and nausea Less than 1% of those infected with WNV experience severe illness involving the central [publichealthontario.ca]

  Most people with these symptoms recover completely, but fatigue and weakness can last for weeks or months. [chesco.org]

  Even non-neurological forms of the disease may cause lasting health effects, including muscle weakness, memory problems and fatigue which may continue for months. [bccdc.ca]

• Unconsciousness

  Fatal outcomes were significantly associated with being elderly; no administration of ribavirin; and the presence of a cough, hemorrhaging, and unconsciousness. [cdc.gov]

• Hypertension

  She was treated for hypertension and with intravenous immunoglobulins and recovered completely within 2 months. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  In addition subjects self-reported a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or a family history of CKD, which are known risk factors for CKD. [dx.plos.org]

  People with certain medical conditions, such as cancer, diabetes, hypertension, kidney disease, and people who have received organ transplants, are also at greater risk. Recovery from severe illness might take several weeks or months. [web.archive.org]

• Photophobia

  West Nile Virus is a relatively uncommon infection that can involve retinal and choroidal inflammation leading to photopsias, photophobia, and orbital pain. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Of the 19 cases, 16 (84%) presented with at least one neurologic complaint (headache, stiff neck, photophobia, muscle weakness, or change in mental status). Seventeen patients (89%) had one or more abnormalities on neurologic examination. [wwwnc.cdc.gov]

  Aseptic Meningitis West Nile meningitis manifests as headache and fever following back pain, myalgias, and rash in 20% to 50% of patients. 21 Meningeal signs are often absent on physical examination, with neck stiffness and photophobia observed in only [clevelandclinicmeded.com]

• Eye Pain

  In earlier outbreaks, the disease was described as a febrile illness of sudden onset, often accompanied by malaise, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, eye pain, headache, myalgia, rash, and lymphadenopathy; these symptoms generally lasted 3 to 6 days. [annals.org]

• Myalgia

  Common manifestations are fever, headaches, malaise and myalgia. Pancreatitis had been described only twice previously as a complication of WNV infection in the medical literature. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Rarely, peripheral demyelination or axonal loss have been postulated. 10 Back to Top Clinical Presentation Systemic Signs and Symptoms Like most viral illnesses, common complaints include fever, fatigue, myalgias, and gastrointestinal symptoms such as [clevelandclinicmeded.com]

  Among the 6 symptomatic persons positive for IgM antibody who were identified in the 1999 New York City serosurvey, all reported myalgia, 5 reported fatigue, 5 had headache, and 4 had arthralgia (21). [annals.org]

• Arthralgia

  Six of these patients had confirmed infection and presented with neuroinvasive illness, whereas the other four suspect cases comprised three cases with arthralgia, myalgia, and/or rash and one case with fever alone. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Among the 6 symptomatic persons positive for IgM antibody who were identified in the 1999 New York City serosurvey, all reported myalgia, 5 reported fatigue, 5 had headache, and 4 had arthralgia (21). [annals.org]

• Skin Rash

  In other cases, flu-like symptoms develop, such as fever, headache, muscle ache, skin rash and enlarged lymph nodes. In a very small percentage of less than 1%, very severe implications occur, particularly meningitis and encephalitis. [careplus.eu]

  Symptoms of West Nile Virus include fever, body aches, skin rash and swollen lymph nodes. If you suspect you may have WNV, you should seek medical treatment. Copyright 2018 by WJXT News4Jax - All rights reserved. [news4jax.com]

  Most human infections are mild, causing fever, headache, and body aches, often accompanied by a skin rash and swollen lymph glands. [niaid.nih.gov]

  Of the 20% that do show symptoms, most experience mild illness with symptoms such as: Fever Headache Body aches Fatigue Skin rash Occasionally, vomiting and nausea Less than 1% of those infected with WNV experience severe illness involving the central [publichealthontario.ca]

  The symptoms include a fever, headache, body aches, skin rash, and swollen lymph glands. They can last a few days to several weeks, and usually go away on their own. If West Nile virus enters the brain, however, it can be life-threatening. [medlineplus.gov]

• Headache

  When the reactive inflammatory processes are restricted to the meninges, an aseptic meningitis with headache as the chief manifestation results. [clevelandclinicmeded.com]

  A 63-year-old female with no significant past medical history was presented with a 5-day history of progressive opsoclonus-myoclonus, headaches, and fevers. Her workup was significant only for positive West-Nile Virus serum serologies. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  About 1 in 5 people who are infected develop a fever with other symptoms such as headache, body aches, joint pains, vomiting, diarrhea, or rash. [web.archive.org]

  The symptoms of West Nile non-neurological syndrome include some or all of the following: fever headache muscle weakness muscle and/or joint aches malaise rash sensitivity to light West Nile neurological syndrome In less than one per cent of infected [bccdc.ca]

• Flaccid Paralysis

  West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease includes encephalitis, meningitis, and/or acute flaccid paralysis. In children, acute flaccid paralysis as the solo presentation of West Nile virus disease is rare. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Apathy

  The most common clinical symptoms were as follows: tiredness/apathy, recumbency, muscular tremor, ataxia, incoordination and hyperaesthesia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Lethargy

  Infections in reptiles can be accompanied by lethargy, neurological disorder, esophagitis, hepatitis, splenitis or gastroenteritis [ 114, 117, 118, 121 ]. [doi.org]

Her workup was significant only for positive West-Nile Virus serum serologies. She received a 2-day course of intravenous immunoglobulin (IvIG). At an 8-week follow up, she had a complete neurological remission. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Treatment No vaccine or specific antiviral treatments for West Nile virus infection are available. [web.archive.org]

This case depicts the complexities of the immune responses and their reconstitution following monoclonal antibody treatment and the diversity of neurological syndromes associated with West Nile virus infection. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Accurate determination of infection or Chagas' disease activity and prognosis continues to challenge researchers. We hypothesized that a diagnostic platform with higher ligand complexity than previously employed may hold value. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

PubMed Klee AL, Maldin B, Edwin B, Poshni I, Mostashari F, Fine A, Long-term prognosis for clinical West Nile virus infection. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004 ; 10 : 1405 – 11. [dx.doi.org]

Long-term prognosis for clinical West Nile virus. Emerg Infect Dis. 10: 2004; 1405-1411. Back to Top [clevelandclinicmeded.com]

Expectations (prognosis) In general, the likely outcome of a mild West Nile virus infection is excellent. For patients with severe cases of West Nile virus infection, the outlook is more guarded. [sjcphs.org]

A retrospective analysis on cerebrospinal fluids drawn from people affected by neurological diseases with unknown etiology allowed the identification of a case of WNV infection before the WNV outbreak in the Northeast Italy in 2008. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Depression after encephalitis, regardless of etiology, is not uncommon. [dx.doi.org]

Published etiologic considerations for cetacean nonsuppurative encephalitis include morbillivirus and protozoal infections ( 2 ). [doi.org]

Understanding WNV epidemiology and disease history is important for guiding patient care and healthcare decision-making. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Systematic collection of epidemiological information on WNV infection among donors and recipients of substances of human origin (SoHO) is an important tool for national authorities to better assess the risk of transmission and the impact of preventive [ecdc.europa.eu]

More Event Severe Asthma, Inflammation, and Lung Repair April 26, 2019 This symposium will focus on novel insights into the pathophysiology of severe asthma, airway inflammation, and mechanisms of lung repair and remodeling, and will discuss new therapeutic [nyas.org]

DOI PubMed White MG, Carter NW, Rector FC, Seldin DW, Drewey SJ, Sanford JP, Pathophysiology of epidemic St. Louis encephalitis. Inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. Ann Intern Med. 1969 ; 71 : 691 – 702. [wwwnc.cdc.gov]

Patients seldom recall a specific mosquito bite, but they are often self-reported active persons with significant outdoor—and therefore mosquito—exposures. 12 Back to Top Pathophysiology WNV is a member of the Japanese encephalitis complex of viruses [clevelandclinicmeded.com]

The first cases were diagnosed and reported to the Hellenic Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (HCDCP) on August 5, 2010 ( 1 ). [doi.org]

You can reduce your risk of WNV by using insect repellent and wearing long-sleeved shirts and long pants to prevent mosquito bites. [cdc.gov]

You can reduce your risk of being infected with WNV by using insect repellent and wearing protective clothing to prevent mosquito bites. There are no medications to treat or vaccines to prevent WNV infection. [tooelehealth.org]

Practice the 4 D's of Prevention! Use Deet or an alternative; Dress in long sleeves and pants; Avoid Dusk until Dawn ; and Drain standing water. [longmontcolorado.gov]