Presentation
A wound may be described in many ways; by its aetiology, anatomical location, by whether it is acute or chronic1, by the method of closure, by its presenting symptoms or indeed by the appearance of the predominant tissue types in the wound bed. [clinimed.co.uk]
The microorganisms likely to infect a wound depend predominantly on what microorganisms are present on the skin, as well as the depth and location of the wound. [woundsource.com]
To determine, how many cases were due to child abuse and to describe signs of their clinical presentation. [lsmuni.lt]
RestorixHealth’s Center of Excellence award presented to the Wound Clinic at Pinckneyville Community Hospital L-R: RestorixHealth Market Representatives, John Bender, Nichole Baer, Lead RN; Pinckneyville Community Hospital Representatives Stephen Priebe [kfvs12.com]
Entire Body System
- Pain
"Pain: The Gift Nobody Wants" is the title of one of Dr. Brand's books and a phrase used to initiate the explanation regarding the devastating consequences that can occur from limbs without the necessary warning system of pain. [hrsa.gov]
Manage pain Wounds can be painful, so consider pain relief while the wound heals. Talk to your GP about options for pain relief. [healthywa.wa.gov.au]
Any pain, redness, and swelling will typically increase in intensity. [medicalnewstoday.com]
Provide pain relievers when possible. Review the wound every 24 hours. [cdc.gov]
Wounds can be painful at first, but usually the pain lessens after the first day. If a cut affects a nerve or tendon, the person may be unable to move the body part fully. [msdmanuals.com]
- Swelling
tenderness or swelling the redness and swelling is increasing you develop a temperature the wound is from a bite, whether by an animal or another human the wound is contaminated with soil or saliva you have diabetes you’re not sure whether you’re up [healthdirect.gov.au]
Any pain, redness, and swelling will typically increase in intensity. [medicalnewstoday.com]
When to contact a clinician Initially, some mild redness directly around the wound is a normal part of healing, but seek medical care if there is any of the following: Red "streaking" spreading out from the wound Increased pain or swelling Difficulty [uhs.wisc.edu]
Apply ice if you have bruising or swelling, and avoid picking at scabs. If you’re spending time outdoors, use a sunscreen that’s sun protection factor (SPF) 30 on the area until it’s completely healed. [healthline.com]
Ask your healthcare provider about these and other treatments you may need: Medicine will be given to treat the infection and decrease pain and swelling. Wound care may be done to clean your wound and help it heal. [drugs.com]
- Fever
However, more severe wound infections require prompt medical attention, particularly those that occur along with fever, feeling unwell, or discharge and red streaks coming from the wound. [medicalnewstoday.com]
You have signs of sepsis such as confusion or disorientation, shortness of breath, high heart rate, fever or shivering, extreme pain or discomfort or clammy or sweaty skin. [cdc.gov]
Call your doctor right away if you notice: Increased drainage or bleeding from the wound Redness in or around the wound Foul odor or pus coming from the wound Fever above 101.0°F or shaking chills IV. [aast.org]
[…] wound is a normal part of healing, but seek medical care if there is any of the following: Red "streaking" spreading out from the wound Increased pain or swelling Difficulty moving the affected area Pus or odorous wound drainage Warmth around the wound Fever [uhs.wisc.edu]
You have a fever or chills. You have more pain, redness, or swelling near your wound. Your symptoms do not improve. The skin around your wound feels numb. You have questions or concerns about your condition or care. [drugs.com]
- Inflammation
Second phase - Inflammation As the hemostasis phase can be construed to consist of an early and a late phase, the early phase being bleeding and hemostasis and the late phase being coagulation, so is it also with inflammation. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Acute wound healing normally proceeds from coagulation and inflammation, ... [accessmedicine.mhmedical.com]
Achieved by 4 phases- hemostatis, inflammation, proliferation and remodeling. For positive results all four phases should take place in sequence and proper time frame. [imedpub.com]
PubMed Health: "What is an inflammation?" University of Edinburgh: "Types of Wound." University of Rochester Medical Center: "How Wounds Heal," "Taking Care of Cuts and Scrapes." Wound Care Centers: "At Home Wound Treatment." [webmd.com]
However, inflammation can lead to tissue damage if it lasts too long.[7] Thus the reduction of inflammation is frequently a goal in therapeutic settings. Inflammation lasts as long as there is debris in the wound. [en.wikipedia.org]
- Wound Infection
A person may be able to treat minor wound infections at home. However, people with more severe or persistent wound infections should seek medical attention. In this article, we describe how to prevent, recognize, and treat an infected wound. [medicalnewstoday.com]
Wound Infection. EMedicine [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic2422.htm. Accessed on 5/10/08. Church, D. et. al.(2006 April). Burn Wound Infections. [labtestsonline.org]
Wound and Skin Infections. Lab Tests Online. http://labtestsonline.org/understanding/conditions/wound-infections. Updated August 26, 2018. Accessed September 11, 2018. Collier M. Recognition and management of wound infections. [woundsource.com]
Seek medical attention if there is suspected wound infection and delayed wound healing. [elderly.gov.hk]
Respiratoric
- Cough
Symptoms: • Fever, dry cough, shortness of breath, body aches are common symptoms • Pneumonia is frequent and serious • Usually lacks runny nose, nasal congestion typical of common cold. [sar.org]
[…] neurological symptoms (paraesthesia or weakness or numbness) on examination: abnormal neurological signs (motor or sensory deficit) new deformity or bony midline tenderness (on palpation) bony midline tenderness (on percussion) midline or spinal pain (on coughing [pathways.nice.org.uk]
Gastrointestinal
- Vomiting
Other symptoms can include fever, dizziness, and nausea and vomiting. Osteomyelitis is a bacterial infection of the bone, and symptoms include pain, redness, and swelling around the infected area. [medicalnewstoday.com]
Most common presenting symptoms were as follows: seizures, somnolence or collapse, refluxes or vomiting, episodes of respiratory arrest or cyanosis, indefinite head lump, decreased consciousness. In 21 (80%) cases “shaken baby” syndrome was stated. [lsmuni.lt]
Key Symptoms Fractures Contusions Open wound Vomiting or nausea Dizziness Edema Increased heart rate Low blood pressure Fever Disorientation or confusion Loss of consciousness Feeling of coldness as temperature drops Increased metabolism One of the biggest [docdoc.com.sg]
Children may feel terror, helplessness, or fear, as well as physiological reactions such as heart pounding, vomiting, or loss of bowel or bladder control. [nctsn.org]
People might not be able to maintain their airway and/or ventilation if they are in a coma (Glasgow Coma Score less than 9), if they are not breathing adequately or their mouth is obstructed, for example by vomit, their tongue or debris. [pathways.nice.org.uk]
Musculoskeletal
- Contusion
– One or two other artery forceps, a pair of Farabeuf retractors and a scalpel may be useful for a contused or deep wound. [medicalguidelines.msf.org]
Fractures and burns are also traumatic injuries, as well as contusions, especially when they affect vital organs such as the heart. Cause of Condition Traumatic injuries happen for many reasons. [docdoc.com.sg]
A relatively slight blow may damage the skin and underlying soft tissues, as shown by bruising, or contusion, which results from the infiltration of blood into the tissues from ruptured small vessels and by swelling caused by the passage of fluid through [britannica.com]
[…] graze from falling Incised Usually as a result of surgical intervention Crush Made with a heavy blow of a cutting tool, such as a hatchet, sword Lacerated Fragments of tissue torn away with a sharp-edged object Stab Made with a pointed tool or weapon Contused [dermnetnz.org]
The most common wounds are: Cuts Abrasions Lacerations Contused wounds We differentiate between various types of wounds: Mechanical wounds (such as cuts, stab wounds, bite wounds, lacerations, incised wounds, abrasions, skin ablations etc.) [montavit.com]
Skin
- Flushing
Your provider may also flush the wound with an antibiotic solution or apply an antibiotic ointment. Sometimes a pocket of pus (abscess) may form. In that case, the abscess will be opened and the fluid drained. [fairview.org]
Clean the wound: Use clean water and a saline solution to flush away any debris or bacteria. Once the wound looks clean, pat it dry with a clean cloth. [medicalnewstoday.com]
- Insect Bite
Wounds can be caused by infections, such as infections after surgery and infections in insect bites. Wounds can be caused by being immobile, such as bed sores or pressure injuries. Wounds can also be caused by chronic illnesses. [healthdirect.gov.au]
The most common types are the following: Insect bites – some insects are carriers of viruses and bacteria. Mosquitoes can carry the deadly dengue virus and ticks carry an assortment of bacteria that can cause deadly infections. [docdoc.com.sg]
- Dermatitis
Ulcerative dermatitis: an ulcer due to a dermatological condition Genital ulcer: painful, non-sexually acquired genital ulceration. 1. [jobst-usa.com]
Dermatitis: Contact, Atopic, Occupational, Drug. 19 (4): 181–89. PMID 18674453. ^ D'Amico G, Pagliaro L, Pietrosi G, Tarantino I (March 2010). "Emergency sclerotherapy versus vasoactive drugs for bleeding oesophageal varices in cirrhotic patients". [en.wikipedia.org]
Neurologic
- Irritability
That can hurt and cause irritation. Use tweezers to remove any dirt or debris that still appears after washing. Clean the tweezers first with isopropyl alcohol. Don’t pick at the wound. If the wound can’t be cleaned, call a doctor. [webmd.com]
[…] bleeding swelling redness irritation blistering As a result of an injury, some of the tissue may be lost. [montavit.com]
The symptoms of cuts and scratches include: bleeding redness or swelling around the wound pain or irritation at the skin surface Cuts and scratches can happen to anyone. [healthline.com]
This prolonged inflammatory phase may be due to wound infection or another form of chronic irritation. Tissue and wound hypoxia is the other important mechanism for the development of a chronic wound. [accessmedicine.mhmedical.com]
Avoid using hydrogen peroxide or iodine on the wound as these may cause skin irritation in some people. Stop using other antiseptic ointments if they cause skin irritation. [medicalnewstoday.com]
- Seizure
[…] respiratory arrest, seizures or decreased level [lsmuni.lt]
Certain medications can also be provided to release excess fluid or prevent seizures as in the case of a brain injury. When the injuries are severe, it’s common for doctors to place the patient in an induced coma. [docdoc.com.sg]
Workup
The basic workup includes evaluating the wound, its extent and severity. Cultures are usually obtained both from the wound site and blood. [en.wikipedia.org]
Treatment
Types & treatments Childhood eczema Adult eczema Insider secrets Types of hair loss Treatment for hair loss Causes of hair loss Hair care matters Insider secrets What is psoriasis Diagnosis & treatment Skin, hair & nail care Triggers Insider secrets What [aad.org]
Brand's treatment approach is understanding and addressing the psychological ramifications of neuropathy that make treatment protocol sometimes difficult to follow. [hrsa.gov]
Treatment options The treatment recommended by your doctor depends on your age, health and the nature of your wound. General medical care may include: Cleaning to remove dirt and debris from a fresh wound. [betterhealth.vic.gov.au]
These dressings display their own advantages and disadvantages in wound treatment. They are used so frequently in our routine wound treatments. [hsj.gr]
It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatments. [drugs.com]
Etiology
Figure 1: Toe wound, amputation site infected and sloughy Figure 2: Infected toe wound and nail bed Etiology Most infected wounds are caused by bacterial colonization, originating either from the normal flora on the skin, or bacteria from other parts [woundsource.com]
Wounds can originate from external causes such as penetrating objects or blunt trauma, or internal causes such as immune, metabolic, and neurologic etiologies. [jobst-usa.com]
Epidemiology
Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open provides an interdisciplinary forum for global issues in trauma and acute care surgery and is dedicated to covering epidemiological, educational, and socioeconomic facets of trauma management and injury prevention. [tsaco.bmj.com]
However, few epidemiological studies have examined whether pregnant women with mental health disorders and trauma are at increased risk of using cannabis during pregnancy. [jamanetwork.com]
Effects of selected radioactive materials Polonium-210 Plutonium Uranium Consequences of a radiation accident Cancer and leukaemia Introduction Childhood leukemia Hereditary radiation damage Individual radiosensitivity Epidemiology of radiation-induced [bfs.de]
"Assault induced stab injuries: epidemiology and actual treatment strategy". Acta Chirurgica Belgica. 111 (3): 146–54. doi:10.1080/00015458.2011.11680726. [en.wikipedia.org]
Pathophysiology
When wounds persist, a specialized approach is required for healing.[4] Pathophysiology[edit] To heal a wound, the body undertakes a series of actions collectively known as the wound healing process. [en.wikipedia.org]
Prevention
The doctor will treat the wound immediately to prevent further blood loss or to prevent it from being infected. However, the doctor will also check for other injuries. [docdoc.com.sg]
They can prevent the wound bed friction and keep the wound bed moist and prevent germ contamination. Doctors can observe the wound situation without dressing removal. [hsj.gr]
The basic principle in chronic wound care is to keep the wound clean to prevent infection and promote healing. Regular aseptic wound dressing is crucial. [elderly.gov.hk]
In this article, we describe how to prevent, recognize, and treat an infected wound. We also cover risk factors, complications, when to see a doctor, and medical treatment. [medicalnewstoday.com]
Prevent hand-foot-and-mouth disease It’s contagious, but you can reduce your child’s risk of catching it. Find out what helps. Scabies? Treat everyone! If your child develops scabies, everyone in your household will need treatment. [aad.org]