A heart murmur is the most common sign detected by a physician indicating that a valve problem may be present. [cincinnatichildrens.org]

The analysis of cardiac malformations is simplified and presented in a didactic manner. The anatomy of the common malformations is presented with examples. [books.google.com]

Other more rare anomalies that present within the right atrium, namely cor triatriatum dextrum and the Chiari network, are also detailed. [mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com]

Later presenting symptoms typically include dyspnea, chestpain and rarely syncope from acute reduction in cardiac output. Increasing fatigue and decreasing exercise tolerance however is probably the commonest presentation. [bcm.edu]

• Fatigue

  Increasing fatigue and decreasing exercise tolerance however is probably the commonest presentation. Sudden death is a risk with severe outflow obstruction and competitive exercise is contraindicated. [bcm.edu]

  Signs and symptoms of severe defects in newborns include Rapid breathing Cyanosis - a bluish tint to the skin, lips, and fingernails Fatigue Poor blood circulation Many congenital heart defects cause few or no signs and symptoms. [icdlist.com]

  When symptoms occur, they often develop gradually, and may include: Cough Fatigue, exhaustion, and lightheadedness Rapid breathing Sensation of feeling the heart beat ( palpitations ) or a rapid heartbeat Shortness of breath that increases with activity [baptistjax.com]

  In an older child, severe pulmonary valve stenosis may cause easy fatigue or shortness of breath with physical exertion. Severe pulmonary valve stenosis rarely results in right ventricular failure or sudden death. [cincinnatichildrens.org]

• Weakness

  In X-linked cardiac valvular dysplasia, the mitral or aortic valve can also be prolapsed, which means that the valve is weak or floppy. Valve prolapse further prevents the thickened valve from closing properly and can lead to valve regurgitation. [ghr.nlm.nih.gov]

• Falling

  […] may include: Cough Fatigue, exhaustion, and lightheadedness Rapid breathing Sensation of feeling the heart beat ( palpitations ) or a rapid heartbeat Shortness of breath that increases with activity and when lying down Waking up an hour or so after falling [baptistjax.com]

• Heart Murmur

  The main sign of heart valve disease is an unusual heartbeat sound called a heart murmur. Your doctor can hear a heart murmur with a stethoscope. But many people have heart murmurs without having a problem. [icdlist.com]

  The diagnosis of pulmonary stenosis is usually first suspected because a physician detects a heart murmur. The heart murmur of pulmonary stenosis is a turbulent noise caused by ejection of blood through the obstructed valve. [cincinnatichildrens.org]

  These malformed valves can cause abnormal blood flow and an irregular heart sound during a heartbeat (heart murmur). The signs and symptoms of X-linked cardiac valvular dysplasia vary greatly among affected individuals. [ghr.nlm.nih.gov]

  […] when feeling the chest area An extra heart sound (S4 gallop) A distinctive heart murmur Crackles in the lungs (if fluid backs up into the lungs) The physical exam may also reveal: Ankle and leg swelling Enlarged liver Bulging neck veins Other signs of [baptistjax.com]

• Ejection Murmur

  In each of 16 patients studied, a pulmonary ejection murmur was present, but this was not associated with an ejection click. [circ.ahajournals.org]

• Systolic Murmur

  Physical findings include pulsus planus (plateau pulse), narrow pulse pressure, a left ventricular impulse, a suprasternal thrill, and on auscultation an ejection click (which does not vary with respiration), followed by a harsh ejection systolic murmur [bcm.edu]

• Incontinence

  Follicle Tumors 565 Heartworm DiseaseCats 573 Hemangiosarcoma Bone 580 Hepatocellular Adenoma 618 Histiocytic Diseases 633 Hypertension Pulmonary 687 Hypoparathyroidism 719 Hypopyon 725 Hypothermia 727 Hypoxemia 733 Idioventricular Rhythm 737 Ileus 739 Incontinence [books.google.com]

• Ventricular Hypertrophy

  Concentric ventricular hypertrophy occurs in response to pressure overload. [pedsinreview.aappublications.org]

If treatment is required, a procedure called a balloon valvuloplasty is often the recommended treatment option in children and younger people. [nhs.uk]

Many children with congenital heart defects don't need treatment, but others do. Treatment can include medicines, catheter procedures, surgery, and heart transplants. [icdlist.com]

TREATMENT: --In the newborn, the rare surgical attempts at repair have all failed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. Our staff consists of biologists and biochemists that are not trained to give medical advice . [uniprot.org]

Treatment Treatment will depend on what symptoms you have, what condition caused the mitral valve regurgitation, how well the heart is working, and if the heart has become enlarged. [baptistjax.com]

Fetal echocardiography can accurately measure right atrial enlargement, which is associated with a poor prognosis in the fetus with tricuspid valve disease. [scholars.northwestern.edu]

You may need surgery to repair or replace the valve if: Heart function is poor The heart becomes enlarged (dilated) Symptoms get worse Outlook (Prognosis) The outcome varies. [baptistjax.com]

Pathophysiology Regardless of etiology, aortic valve insufficiency results in volume overload on the LV because the LV is forced to pump the entire diastolic volume received from the left atrium and the regurgitant volume from the aorta through an incompetent [emedicine.medscape.com]

Epidemiology Frequency United States An estimated 5 million Americans have at least one form of heart valve disease. In 2000, 1 million Americans were affected by congenital heart disease. This is a 3-fold increase from 300,000 in 1980. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Tricuspid valve anomalies are part of the pathological spectrum in various congenital heart diseases, including Ebstein anomaly and tricuspid valve dysplasia, with different pathophysiology and clinical implications. [books.google.com]

Pathophysiology A systolic pressure gradient between the pumping chamber and its downstream artery is the primary hemodynamic abnormality of stenosis regardless of whether the obstruction is right- or left-sided. [pedsinreview.aappublications.org]

Pathophysiological mechanisms of atrial fibrillation: a translational appraisal. Physiol Rev 2011 ; 91 : 265 – 325. 5. Apostolakis, E, Shuhaiber, JH. The surgical management of giant left atrium. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2008 ; 33 : 182 – 190. 6. [cambridge.org]

Pathophysiology Regardless of etiology, aortic valve insufficiency results in volume overload on the LV because the LV is forced to pump the entire diastolic volume received from the left atrium and the regurgitant volume from the aorta through an incompetent [emedicine.medscape.com]

Valve prolapse further prevents the thickened valve from closing properly and can lead to valve regurgitation. [ghr.nlm.nih.gov]

Treat strep infections quickly to prevent rheumatic fever. Always tell your provider and dentist if you have a history of heart valve disease or congenital heart disease before treatment. [baptistjax.com]

Endocarditis Prevention If you have PS, you don't need to take antibiotics to prevent endocarditis unless you've had prior endocarditis or you've had valve replacement. See the section on Endocarditis for more information. [heart.org]

In this condition one or both of the valve leaflets is enlarged or floppy, preventing the valve from closing evenly. When the valve shuts, the leaflets bulge into the left atrium. [my.clevelandclinic.org]

Completely revised and updated with 80 all-new chapters covering the most important information on current diagnostic, treatment, and preventive challenges facing feline practitioners today, Consultations in Feline Internal Medicine is an invaluable addition [books.google.com]