Presentation
Nodular sclerosis subtype affects young adults and presents with early disease stage, while mixed cellularity HL is prevalent in both children and elderly patients and commonly presents with advanced disease stage. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Case presentation In Maya healthy young male of 32 years old presented for dry cough and dyspnea associated with fever over the past two months. [transroute.ro]
[…] cytoplasm and pyknotic reddish nuclei "Lacunar" cells: HRS cells surrounded by formalin retraction artifact, characteristic for nodular sclerosing subtype Neoplastic cells are 0.1 to 10% of cellular infiltrate Rich inflammatory / reactive background is present [pathologyoutlines.com]
Entire Body System
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Hodgkin Lymphoma
Four features characterize Hodgkin lymphomas. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Ladetto, on behalf of the ESMO Guidelines Committee The 2018 ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines on Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are based on results from recent studies and analyses. [esmo.org]
Classic Hodgkin lymphoma. PathologyOutlines.com website. . Accessed April 27th, 2020. [pathologyoutlines.com]
Limfom Hodgkin - Cancer linfoma hodgkin clasico Nivolumab for relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma: real-life experience. Ann Oncol. How I treat cancer linfoma hodgkin clasico and refractory Hodgkin lymphoma. [transroute.ro]
These statements from the Munich epidemiologist explicitly do not apply hodgkin cancer curable the chemotherapy of Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, leukemia, sarcoma, and testicular cancer. [asspub.ro]
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Weight Loss
loss (10% of body weight), pruritus (by some authors); associated with stage 3 or 4, mixed cellularity and lymphocyte depleted subtypes Pain in lymph nodes may occur with alcohol consumption (paraneoplastic symptom) Most patients have cutaneous anergy [pathologyoutlines.com]
History and Physical Patients with Hodgkin lymphoma frequently present with painless supra-diaphragmatic lymphadenopathy (one to two lymph node areas), B symptoms including unexplained profound weight loss, high fevers, and drenching night sweats. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
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Splenectomy
Postoperative and Rehabilitation Care All patients with Hodgkin lymphoma require long term monitoring that includes: Annual history and physical exam Management of cardiac risk factors Vaccination in patients with splenectomy Stress test or echocardiogram [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
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Infertility
Infertility varies but occurs in over 50% of patients. Infectious complications do occur but can be maned with empirical antibiotic treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Workup
Overall, a comprehensive workup is essential for both diagnosis and staging of Hodgkin lymphoma. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Treatment
The initial treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma depends on subgroup treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
In the early s it gave ample coverage to a critical hodgkin cancer curable from Heidelberg epidemiologist Ulrich Abel, PhD, showing that chemotherapy was ineffective in the treatment of advanced carcinomas. [asspub.ro]
It is a curable disease that affects predominantly young patients years oldwith a generally good prognosis if a complete response to chemotherapy is obtained after the first-line treatment. [transroute.ro]
New recommendations are given regarding treatment with BEACOPPescalated, brentuximab vedotin and anti-PD-1 antibodies. [esmo.org]
[…] pruritus (by some authors); associated with stage 3 or 4, mixed cellularity and lymphocyte depleted subtypes Pain in lymph nodes may occur with alcohol consumption (paraneoplastic symptom) Most patients have cutaneous anergy that persists even after treatment [pathologyoutlines.com]
Prognosis
Prognosis depends on several prognostic factors, including disease stage. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
[…] evidence of disease elsewhere for at least 6 months Involvement of regional lymph nodes does not exclude diagnosis (Joint Bone Spine 2000;67:446) Symptoms: bone pain, pathologic fracture, mass, B symptoms; neurologic symptoms if vertebral involvement Prognosis [pathologyoutlines.com]
It is a curable disease that affects predominantly young patients years oldwith a generally good prognosis if a complete response to chemotherapy is obtained after the first-line treatment. [transroute.ro]
Etiology
Hodgkin lymphoma has an excellent overall prognosis with approximately an 80% cure rate.[1][2][3] Etiology The exact etiology of Hodgkin lymphoma is unknown. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
[…] population Expression of FasL in most HRS cells plus loss of FasL expression in the follicular dendritic cells (FDC) of the germinal center suggests a disturbed FDC microenvironment that may contribute to its pathogenesis (Am J Surg Pathol 2001;25:388) Etiology [pathologyoutlines.com]
Epidemiology
[…] subtypes: lymphocyte rich CHL (LRCHL), nodular sclerosis CHL (NSCHL), mixed cellularity CHL (MCCHL) and lymphocyte depleted CHL (LDCHL) The 4 subtypes have identical immunophenotypic and genetic features but different clinical features and EBV association Epidemiology [pathologyoutlines.com]
Epidemiology, outcome, targeted agents and immunotherapy in adolescent and young adult non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphoma. Br. J. Haematol. 2019 Jun;185(6):1142-1157. [PubMed: 30729493] 4. PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Pathophysiology
[…] involvement also rare Localized disease (stage I & II) in 60% of patients Mediastinal involvement in 60% (mostly nodular sclerosing subtype) Splenic involvement: 20%, bone marrow: 5% Splenic and abdominal involvement more frequent in mixed cellularity subtype Pathophysiology [pathologyoutlines.com]
Pathophysiology Hodgkin lymphoma has unique neoplastic cells in both the classical and NLP-HL types. Reed-Sternberg (RS) cell is a neoplastic, large multinucleated cell with two mirror-image nuclei (owl eyes) within a reactive cellular background. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Prevention
[…] marrow: 5% Splenic and abdominal involvement more frequent in mixed cellularity subtype Pathophysiology HRS cells are derived from germinal center B cells with "crippling" mutations of IgH variable region segment; associated with EBV in 30% of cases (may prevent [pathologyoutlines.com]