These usually present with per vaginal bleeding and vaginal mass. Presentation with discharged tumor fragments is very unusual. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Fatigue

  When symptoms do occur, they may include the following: Nausea Vomiting Headache Cough Fever Changes in bowel function or habits Fatigue Problems with breathing Weight loss Night sweats Symptoms for location-specific endodermal sinus tumor may include [stjude.org]

  Headache Low blood pressure Anemia Testicular pain, lump in the testes, feeling of heaviness in the scrotum Abdominal pain and swelling Breast pain, especially if accompanied by enlargement Back pain Swelling of the legs Constipation Changes in appetite Fatigue [dovemed.com]

  Fatigue, hemoptysis and superior vena cava syndrome were seen in less than 10% of patients with mediastinal GCT. 1, 7 Some clinical conditions are associated with yolk sac tumor, according to literature, such as Klinefelter syndrome (around 20% of cases [scielo.br]

  Patients with mediastinal GCTs usually present with dyspnea (25%), chest pain (23%), cough (17%), followed by fever (13%), weight loss (11%), vena cava superior syndrome (6%), fatigue/weakness (6%), and pain at other location except the chest (5%). [exp-oncology.com.ua]

• Sputum

  The patient presented with a cough with whitish sputum, history of hemoptysis, loss of weights, and dysphagia. [exp-oncology.com.ua]

• Abdominal Pain

  Abstract We are presenting a case of a 13-year-old girl with a chief complaint of lower abdominal pain. A computed tomographic scan showed a 10-cm right ovarian mass. The serologic testing showed high alpha-fetoprotein level. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  pain in the right fossa. [jbsr.be]

  The patients presented with abdominal pain and swelling. Their serum AFP level was elevated. Seven tumors were unilateral, one was bilateral and three had extraovarian spread. [ijpmonline.org]

  A 43-year-old male presented with left upper abdominal pain, mildly tender palpable mass, normal genitals, and unremarkable previous surgical issues. [indianjurol.com]

• Nausea

  When symptoms do occur, they may include the following: Nausea Vomiting Headache Cough Fever Changes in bowel function or habits Fatigue Problems with breathing Weight loss Night sweats Symptoms for location-specific endodermal sinus tumor may include [stjude.org]

  She had a fever up to 38,4°C without any complaints of nausea, vomiting or diarrhea. How to Cite: Thielen TV, Degryse H, Coeman D. Yolk sac tumor of the ovary. Journal of the Belgian Society of Radiology. 2013;96(4):256–7. [jbsr.be]

  Less frequent symptoms were chest wall or cervical mass (2%), and hemoptysis, hoarseness, nausea, or dysphagia (1% each) [3]. The computed tomography scan revealed the bulky mass with cystic component infiltrating to the right atrium. [exp-oncology.com.ua]

  The most common chemotherapeutic side effects included bone marrow suppression, nausea, vomiting, and hair loss. The median follow-up duration was 46 months (range, 23–102 months). [oncotarget.com]

  Medicines and other treatments can be used for pain, fever, infection, and nausea and vomiting. With any cancer, how well a child is expected to recover (prognosis) varies. [stanfordchildrens.org]

• Diarrhea

  She had a fever up to 38,4°C without any complaints of nausea, vomiting or diarrhea. How to Cite: Thielen TV, Degryse H, Coeman D. Yolk sac tumor of the ovary. Journal of the Belgian Society of Radiology. 2013;96(4):256–7. [jbsr.be]

  CASE PRESENTATION A 22 year-old woman was admitted to the emergency room with severe lower abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, and fever. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Left Ventricular Dysfunction

  However, she also suffered from severe non-hematological toxicities, including grade 3 left ventricular dysfunction and grade 4 pulmonary fibrosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Jaundice

  We describe an 11-month-old girl with a YST arising from the CBD who presented with obstructive jaundice. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The primary yolk sac tumor of the liver usually presents with abdominal pain, an abdominal lump, and less frequently, jaundice. The serum AFP is usually highly increased in these tumors. [journals.lww.com]

  A previously healthy 20-year-old man, consulted to the emergency department for two days of emesis and abdominal pain associated with jaundice. On physical exam, the patient was stable, conscious and icteric. [omicsonline.org]

  There was no jaundice and lymphadenopathy. Systemic examination was unremarkable. A lump was palpable in right lower abdomen. It was soft to firm, tender and 16-20 weeks uterine size. [turkjpath.org]

• Subcutaneous Nodule

  We report a case of an 11-month-old female with sacrococcygeal extragonadal yolk sac tumor manifesting as a draining subcutaneous nodule after initial treatment as an abscess. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Testicular Mass

  MRI Heterogeneous testicular mass lesion with post-contrast heterogeneous enhancement, with areas of hemorrhage/necrosis 2. [radiopaedia.org]

  No specific symptoms except testicular mass are present. Almost all the patients with a yolk sac tumor (YST), either in pure form or mixed form have a significantly elevated serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP). [emedicine.medscape.com]

  In general, testicular tumors appear as painless masses, which are typically bulky, slow-growing, progressive lesions. [omicsonline.org]

• Oliguria

  Chemotherapy with BEP was started, and after 24 h of administration, oliguria and tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) developed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Primary Amenorrhea

  This neoplasm occurred in young patients who often displayed phenotypic sex ambiguities and frequently presented with primary amenorrhea. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Hemospermia

  A 38-year-old Asian male presented with gross hematuria and hemospermia. Transrectal ultrasound scan showed a solid mass in the left seminal vesicle and the scrotal sonography showed no abnormalities. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Headache

  A 55-year-old man with progressive left side weakness, headache, dizziness and ataxia, underwent preoperative magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  When symptoms do occur, they may include the following: Nausea Vomiting Headache Cough Fever Changes in bowel function or habits Fatigue Problems with breathing Weight loss Night sweats Symptoms for location-specific endodermal sinus tumor may include [stjude.org]

  Indications for Yolk Sac Tumor of the Testis include: Blood in vomit and cough Blood in stool, urine Trouble breathing Headache Low blood pressure Anemia Testicular pain, lump in the testes, feeling of heaviness in the scrotum Abdominal pain and swelling [dovemed.com]

• Neglect

  Furthermore, it is important to investigate more thoroughly a patient with history of intermittent abdominal pain and fever with previously multiple accesses, because these might be the critical signs for YST that should not be neglected in order to treat [frontiersin.org]

CONCLUSIONS This unique presentation of a yolk sac tumor emphasizes the need to keep a broad differential and complete a thorough workup for any cardiac mass. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

AFP No discussion (or diagnostic workup) of yolk sac tumor is complete without considering alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). AFP is a protein produced predominantly by the yolk sac and fetal liver. [pathologystudent.com]

His symptom was caused by a ruptured massive intraabdominal tumor into the pleural space, which was identified during radiological workup. [jscimedcentral.com]

• Anisocytosis

  Individual cells were large, showing moderate anisocytosis, high nucleocytoplasmic ratio. The nuclei were round to oval with irregular nuclear membranes, coarsely clumped chromatin and 0-1 nucleoli. [jcytol.org]

• Karyotype Abnormal

  The common features of extragonadal and gonadal GCT are that they occur in young men and metastasize to the lung, liver, and bones, with the presence of 12p karyotype abnormality and sensitivity to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. 6 The existing hypotheses [journals.lww.com]

Before the late 1970s, when innovative chemo treatments began, endodermal sinus tumor was almost always fatal. Without treatment, it spreads quickly in children and will lead to death. [stjude.org]

With this salvage treatment, she remained in complete remission and disease-free for more than 30 months, while maintaining her reproductive function. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Postmenopausal ovarian YSTs are aggressive, and may have a worse prognosis compared with those in young patients. More aggressive treatment is needed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Treatment and prognosis These tumors tend to grow rapidly and had a poor prognosis in the past, but now the prognosis has improved with the use of new therapies (platin or carboplatin, etoposide, bleomycin). [radiopaedia.org]

However, the prognosis for YST remains unsatisfactory. Recent studies have demonstrated that the FIGO stage and tumor-reductive surgery strongly affect the prognosis of this disease ( 8 ). Other YST prognosis factors remain unclear. [spandidos-publications.com]

We review the previous literature and discuss the etiology, histology, treatment, and the prognosis of the rare sinonasal yolk sac tumor. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Etiology Totipotent cells, which later form extraembryonic fetal membranes, give rise to yolk sac tumors. Features Perivascular structures called Schiller-Duval bodies can be found in 50% of tumors and are pathognomonic. [radiopaedia.org]

Abstract This report describes a new etiology of pediatric syncope. Epilepsy, brain anomalies, infection, electrolyte abnormalities, and trauma are commonly identified etiologies of seizures in the pediatric population. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

Etiology The etiology of yolk sac tumors (YSTs) is essentially unknown. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Diagnostic criteria and microbial and epidemiologic associations. Am J Med. ‏ الصفحة 193 - Henson D, Tarone R. An epidemiologic study of cancer of the cervix, vagina, and vulva based on the Third National Cancer Survey in the United States. [books.google.com]

Epidemiology Yolk sac tumors (YSTs) can be seen in males and females, involving the testis, ovary, and other sites, such as the mediastinum. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Aggressive - especially extragonadal tumours. [1] Epidemiology: Most common GCT in infants and young boys. Bimodal age distribution: [1] 10-30 years. Clinical: Elevated AFP. [librepathology.org]

Epidemiology Age: six months to five years, peak in boys of age less than 2 years LOH 6q21-26 LOH ( 11753688 ) 1p36 LOH (1p36 deletion) ( 11753688 ) Pathogenesis Hypermethylation of the RUNX3 gene promoter. [humpath.com]

[…] chemotherapy for ovarian yolk sac tumors. 61 de la Motte Rouge T...Lhomme C 27401840 2016 10 Ovarian Yolk Sac Tumor With High-Grade Serous Carcinoma in a 62-Year-Old Woman. 61 McCarthy WA...Masand RP 26782153 2016 11 Is yolk sac tumor related to the pathophysiology [malacards.org]

[…] tumor was to identify putative pathways that are known to pose a block in differentiation, both in early embryogenesis and in tumorigenesis, that might be amenable to low toxicity therapies designed to promote differentiation to a more benign state and prevent [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Treatment, and Prevention. ‏ الصفحة 190 - Nonspecific vaginitis. Diagnostic criteria and microbial and epidemiologic associations. Am J Med. ‏ الصفحة 193 - Henson D, Tarone R. [books.google.com]

Surgery alone has been unsuccessful in preventing recurrences even in stage 1 disease. [indianjcancer.com]

Postoperative chemotherapy (PEB) should be used to prevent recurrence in the ipsilateral or contralateral testis. [wjso.biomedcentral.com]

Removal of the testis De-bulking surgery to reduce tumor size, followed by chemotherapy Clotting the vessels in the tumor (embolization) Chemotherapy Radiotherapy Undertaking treatment of underlying conditions How can Yolk Sac Tumor of the Testis be Prevented [dovemed.com]