Because many definite or probable cases present normal head circumference values and their mothers do not report having a rash, screening criteria must be revised in order to detect all affected newborn babies. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

As with treatment for dengue, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents should be avoided if thrombocytopenia is present. [doi.org]

• Lymphadenopathy

  Human infection induces an influenza-like syndrome that is associated with retro-orbital pain, oedema, lymphadenopathy, or diarrhea. Diagnosis of Zika fever requires virus isolation and serology, which are time consuming or cross-reactive. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Lymphadenopathy (isolated or generalized) was present in both groups (in 38% of ZIKV-positive women and 27% of ZIKV-negative women, P 0.12). [doi.org]

• Lymphedema

  Mutations in KIF11 cause autosomal-dominant microcephaly variably associated with congenital lymphedema and chorioretinopathy. Am J Hum Genet. 2012;90:356–62. [doi.org]

• Respiratory Disorders

  The prevalence of swallowing troubles and respiratory disorders was 45 and 33 %, respectively. Electrophysiological findings were in favour of the acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) type. Twelve (29 %) patients were mechanically ventilated. [doi.org]

• Choking

  Infant feedings should be monitored closely, and if there are signs of swallowing dysfunction, such as difficulty breathing with feeding, coughing or choking during feeding, or extended feeding times, an assessment for dysphagia should be performed [cdc.gov]

• Eye Irritation

  Seven exposure calls were reported to the Florida Poison Information Center, four of which reported symptoms (vomiting, eye irritation, dizziness, vertigo, and edema). [doi.org]

• Strabismus

  Lawrence, MD, American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus; Ellen H. [cdc.gov]

• Skin Rash

  The symptoms of Zika virus disease are similar to other arbovirus infections such as dengue, and include fever, skin rashes, conjunctivitis, muscle and joint pain, malaise, and headache. These symptoms are usually mild and last for 2-7 days. [wpro.who.int]

  People with Zika virus disease usually have a mild fever, skin rash (exanthema) and conjunctivitis. These symptoms normally last for 2-7 days. There is no specific treatment or vaccine currently available. [web.archive.org]

  Its symptoms, similar to those of dengue fever, can cause a fever, headache, muscle and joint pains and a skin rash. There is no specific treatment for the virus and no vaccine. [independent.co.uk]

  The Zika virus is usually relatively mild, with symptoms such as skin rash, fever, muscle and joint pain, lasting up to seven days. It is uncommon for people infected with Zika to need hospital treatment. [rte.ie]

  The virus, endemic in parts Africa, South America, Southeast Asia and some Pacific Islands, has until now been blamed for symptoms such as fever, mild headache, skin rashes, joint pain and conjunctivitis, or “red eye.” [reuters.com]

• Insect Bite

  bites Last updated Sat 20 Feb 2016 More on this story Ennis-Hill coach: Move Rio camp to Zika-free zone Britain's camp for the Rio Olympics should be moved to a Zika-free location outside Brazil, Jessica Ennis-Hill's coach has said. [itv.com]

• Guillain-Barré Syndrome

  During the same period, an increase in Guillain-Barré syndrome was reported, suggesting a possible association between Zika virus and Guillain-Barré syndrome. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  For additional information on GBS and vaccines see: Vaccine Safety Concerns- Guillain Barré Syndrome Guillain-Barré syndrome and Flu Vaccine: Questions and Answers [web.archive.org]

  We describe the first case of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) occurring immediately after a Zika virus infection, during the current Zika and type 1 and 3 dengue fever co-epidemics in French Polynesia. . [eurosurveillance.org]

• Clonus

  A total of 31 of the 49 infants (63%) had grossly abnormal results on neurologic examinations; hypertonicity, clonus, hyperreflexia, abnormal movements, spasticity, contractures, and seizures were identified. [doi.org]

• Treponema Pallidum

  Tests for dengue virus, chikungunya virus, Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, HIV, Treponema pallidum, and parvovirus B19 were all negative. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Also, a major challenge is how and when such antiviral treatment would be applied, if available. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Treatment No specific antiviral treatment is available for Zika virus disease. Treatment of symptoms may include rest, fluids, antipyretics, and analgesics. [web.archive.org]

Because of severe brain disease and microcephaly, the fetus was given a poor prognosis for neonatal health. [doi.org]

Human fetal infection with parvovirus B19: maternal infection time in gestation, viral persistence and fetal prognosis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2002;21:1133–6. CrossRef PubMed Rudolph KE, Lessler J, Moloney RM, Kmush B, Cummings DA. [web.archive.org]

For infants with microcephaly or intracranial calcifications who have negative results on all Zika virus tests performed, health care providers should evaluate for other possible etiologies and treat as indicated. [cdc.gov]

Research into the etiology of new clusters of microcephaly and other neurological disorders should be intensified to determine whether there is a causative link to Zika virus and/or other factors or co-factors. [who.int]

The MoH and Secretaries of Health from the affected states led a joint investigation to characterize and identify the etiology of the outbreak, with the support of national research institutes. [doi.org]

Keywords Zika ZIKV Singapore Asia Epidemiology Outbreak Background By early October 2016, 73 countries had reported autochthonous transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) since 2007 [ 1 ]. [doi.org]

Publication Zika virus transmission worldwide Publication Communicable disease threats report, 3-9 March 2019, week 10 News Health risks during the Carnival season in Brazil Publication Zika virus infection - Annual Epidemiological Report for 2016 Publication [ecdc.europa.eu]

However, data on the epidemiology and clinical findings of laboratory-confirmed Zika virus disease remain limited. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Drug trials in pregnancy raise several scientific, ethical, and logistic challenges, which are compounded further in ZIKV because of limited knowledge of the disease pathophysiology and a product development pipeline in its infancy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] criteria for causality, 7 the authors show a consistent, specific, temporal relationship, which is analogous to relationships between ZIKV infection and the Guillain–Barré syndrome observed in other countries. 8,9 What is more difficult to demonstrate is pathophysiological [doi.org]

The pathophysiology of Zika-induced microcephaly is not known and was a subject of active research as of the end of 2016. [en.wikipedia.org]

Brooks, [email protected], 404-639-3894. 1 Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC; 2 Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC [doi.org]

[…] to prevent mosquito bites. 4. [web.archive.org]

Persons residing in or traveling to areas of active Zika virus transmission should take steps to prevent Zika virus infection through prevention of mosquito bites (). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prevention Mosquito bites Protection against mosquito bites during the day and early evening is a key measure to prevent Zika virus infection. [who.int]