Publication Analysis Top Keywords histopathological features 4 presentation histopathological 4 uncircumcised middle-aged 4 [pubfacts.com]

In the dermis, a dense bandlike or lichenoid infiltrate is present, frequently extending to mid reticular dermis. [indianjurol.com]

Presentation Patient usually presents with concerns about penile changes; often history >1 year. Mild symptoms: itching, tenderness, bloodstained underwear. [gponline.com]

This article provides an overview of the epidemiology, clinical presentation, histopathological features, and diagnostic criteria and diagnostic methods of ZB... [readbyqxmd.com]

Patients may present with features of both psoriasis and Reiter syndrome. [online.epocrates.com]

• Inflammation

  General: The term balanitis refers to inflammation of the glans penis, while balanoposthitis refers to inflammation of the glans and prepuce; both entities are most often seen in uncircumcised males due to poor hygiene and accumulation of smegma beneath [auanet.org]

  I have been battling this inflammation for almost 19 months now. My first occurrence of any penile inflammation was a month after I had unprotected sex, when I noticed a foul smelling substance (smegma) underneath my foreskin. [medhelp.org]

  Histologically, all specimens showed a thinned and spongiotic epithelium, a band-like infiltrate of lymphocytes and histiocytes with a variable number of plasma cells in the upper part of the chorion and further signs of acute, subacute or chronic inflammation [moh-it.pure.elsevier.com]

  Irritation of the skin of the glans can lead to inflammation. [medicalnewstoday.com]

  In 1863, Virchow noted a connection between inflammation and cancer and sustained that this link may have implications for cancer prevention and treatment [8]. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Camping

  Moreno-Arias, GA, Camps-Fresneda, A, Llaberia, C, Palou-Almerich, J. "Plasma cell balanitis treated with tacrolimus 0.1%". Br J Dermatol. vol. 153. 2005 Dec. pp. 1204-6. [dermatologyadvisor.com]

  Moreno-Arias, GA, Camps-Fresneda, A, Llaberia, C, Palou-Almerich, J. “Plasma cell balanitis treated with tacrolimus 0.1%”. Br J Dermatol. vol. 153. 2005 Dec. pp. 1204-6. [clinicaladvisor.com]

  Moreno-Arias GA, Camps-Fresneda A, Llaberia C, Palou-Almerich J. Plasma cell balanitis treated with tacrolimus 0,1%. Brit J Dermatol. 2005,153:1204-6. [ Links ] 3. Hernandez-Machin B, Hernando LB, Marrero OB, Hernandez B. [scielo.br]

• Falling

  Conclusions: In our view, these cases fall within a spectrum of inflammatory noncicatricial disorders, ranging from almost pure lymphohistiocytic forms to forms which fulfil all criteria to be classified as balanitis circumscripta plasmacellularis of [moh-it.pure.elsevier.com]

  The authors believe that these cases fall within a spectrum of inflammatory non-cicatricial disorders, ranging from almost pure lymphohistiocytic forms to forms which fulfil all criteria to be classified as balanitis circumscripta plasmacellularis of [dermatologyadvisor.com]

• Weight Loss

  Weight loss, topical therapy and laser ablation represent treatment options, but these patients are often refractory to treatment. Wollina, U. [dermatologyadvisor.com]

  Weight loss, topical therapy and laser ablation represent treatment options, but these patients are often refractory to treatment. What is the Evidence? Wollina, U. [clinicaladvisor.com]

• Reiter Syndrome

  syndrome; allergic contact dermatitis; fixed drug eruption; and drug-induced erosions. [patientcareonline.com]

  It can also be caused by a type of arthritis known as reactive arthritis or Reiter’s syndrome, which can also affect the joints and the eyes. [webmd.com]

  Reactive arthritis (Reiter disease) Skin lesions may be similar to those of psoriasis. Patients may present with features of both psoriasis and Reiter syndrome. [online.epocrates.com]

  Most penile melanotic macules, angiokeratomas, fibromas and angiomas do not have to be treated; however, penile skin lesions may also be symptoms of other diseases, such as circinate balanitis in Reiter's syndrome and multiple angiokeratomas in Fabry's [readbyqxmd.com]

• Arthritis

  It can also be caused by a type of arthritis known as reactive arthritis or Reiter’s syndrome, which can also affect the joints and the eyes. [webmd.com]

  Reactive arthritis (Reiter disease) Skin lesions may be similar to those of psoriasis. Patients may present with features of both psoriasis and Reiter syndrome. [online.epocrates.com]

  Balanitis can be a distinct clinical feature in men with reactive arthritis. Balanitis can be caused by sexually transmitted diseases ( STDs ). [medicinenet.com]

  Circinate balanitis (may be associated with reactive arthritis). Balanitis xerotica obliterans/lichen sclerosus. [patient.info]

• Dermatitis

  Lichen planus Balanitis xerotica obliterans Fixed drug eruption Allergic contact dermatitis Irritant contact dermatitis Superficial basal cell carcinoma Extramammary Paget disease Melanoma Kaposi sarcoma Herpes simplex virus (HSV) Pemphigus vulgaris Pemphigus [visualdx.com]

  (skin and mucosal surfaces) Definitions Idiopathic lymphoplasmacellular mucositis-dermatitis is generic term for any inflammatory accumulation of plasma cells at mucosal or cutaneous sites Zoon balanitis is reserved for localized involvement of prepuce [basicmedicalkey.com]

  Balanitis or balano-posthitis is mostly an irritant dermatitis (eczema) that may follow earlier childhood atopic dermatitis (atopic eczema) or be part of later-onset atopic dermatitis (genetically determined). [dermcoll.edu.au]

  Eczema and dermatitis Characterized by erythematous scaly plaques. Pruritus is often a prominent sign. Diagnosis is clinical. Atopic dermatitis Characterized by erythematous scaly patches and lichenified plaques. Pruritus is a prominent finding. [online.epocrates.com]

  mycosis fungoides, pityriasis rubra pilaris and scabies), noninfectious balanitis (Zoon's plasma cell balanitis, psoriatic balanitis, seborrheic dermatitis and non-specific balanitis) and erythroplasia of Queyrat, inflammatory cicatricial alopecias [readbyqxmd.com]

• Pruritus

  […] oral antihistamines allergic contact dermatitis allergen avoidance + supportive measures + topical corticosteroids with significant pruritus oral antihistamines severe with exudate/weeping wet soaks psoriasis topical corticosteroid or topical calcineurin [online.epocrates.com]

  Zoon plasma cell balanitis is usually asymptomatic, but pruritus may occur. It is seen much more frequently in men between the ages of 40 and 80. It is seen mostly in uncircumcised men and is associated with poor hygiene and chronic irritation. [visualdx.com]

  It was increased in size over 1 month associated with mild pruritus. Patient had no history of multiple sexual partners, no co-morbid illness, and no previous similar complaint. [urologyannals.com]

  Zoon balanitis is usually asymptomatic but may be associated with pruritus and tenderness. [consultant360.com]

• Skin Disease

  Darier disease and BRAF-inhibitor-induced acantholytic dyskeratosis), facial inflammatory skin diseases (rosacea, seborrheic dermatitis, discoid lupus erythematosus, sarcoidosis, cutaneous leishmaniasis, lupus vulgaris, granuloma faciale and demodicidosis [readbyqxmd.com]

  Several cases diagnosed originally as plasma cell balanitis/vulvitis turn out later to be other skin diseases such as an infection, allergic contact dermatitis, psoriasis, lichen planus or penile or vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. [dermnetnz.org]

  The doctor should examine the skin for any dermatosis, or skin disease, that can involve the genital area. [medicalnewstoday.com]

  Epidemiology Frequency Mallon et al [3] studied 357 male referral patients with genital skin disease. They studied a control group of 305 male dermatology clinic patients without genital skin disease over a 120-day period. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Erythema

  […] to Consider skin biopsy patch testing Diagnostic Test Details Treatment Options Acute atopic eczema topical corticosteroid + supportive measures with significant pruritus oral antihistamines seborrheic dermatitis supportive measures with significant erythema [online.epocrates.com]

  Characteristically glazed orangecoloured macular erythema with multiple pin point bright red spots (Cayennepepper spots) [7] was present. Duration of history can range from 4 months to 1 year. [indianjurol.com]

  […] obliterans Pruritic lesion on the genitals; may be treated with topical therapy; atrophic white patches or plaques on the glans penis and prepuce Candidal balanitis Diagnosed via potassium hydroxide testing to detect yeast; topical treatment is effective; erythema [aafp.org]

  One patient required 2 more weeks of treatment for erythema of the prepuce. [dermatologyadvisor.com]

• Ulcer

  Laboratory Subpreputial swabs for Viral (HSV) NAAT especially if erosions or ulcerations present, bacterial and fungal culture as clinically indicated. [sahealth.sa.gov.au]

  Lichen planus may cause painful ulceration of the mouth as well as hair and nail abnormalities. [dermcoll.edu.au]

  Penile discharge, ulcerations, and adenopathy were absent. The ocular and oral mucosa were unaffected. A review of systems revealed no significant findings. [patientcareonline.com]

  The authors concluded that topical tacrolimus is an effective means of controlling the signs and symptoms of diverse inflammatory mucous membrane and genital diseases such as erosive or ulcerative oral lichen planus, oral cicatricial pemphigoid, and anogenital [dermatologyadvisor.com]

  There may be erosion or ulceration. There is a band of dermal infiltration with plasma cells of variable density and arguable specificity. [academic.oup.com]

• Suggestibility

  The changes of Zoon's are florid but the hint of preputial ‘wasting’ suggests that underlying lichen sclerosus should be contemplated Figure 1 Zoon's balanitis. [academic.oup.com]

  Although a specific allergen has not been identified, the findings suggest that this condition could be related to immediate hypersensitivity. The kappa-to-lambda ratio is variable. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  If treatment doesn't start to work within seven days, your GP may suggest some tests to see if there's an infection or something more serious. [nhs.uk]

  Based on the authors' analysis, they suggest that the generic term idiopathic lymphoplasmacellular mucositis-dermatitis be considered to encompass the lymphoplasmacellular infiltrates in the skin and mucosal surfaces considered herein. [dermatologyadvisor.com]

  Thus, there is a lack of supportive evidence for this hypothesis.[ 13 ] Furthermore, there is no supportive evidence for the hypothesis given by Nishimura et al .,[ 15 ] who had suggested that immediate hypersensitivity response mediated by IgE class [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Irritability

  It is seen mostly in uncircumcised men and is associated with poor hygiene and chronic irritation. [visualdx.com]

  Other irritants to avoid include: soap and shower gel bubble baths baby wipes latex condoms lubricants antiseptics hygiene sprays Read about preventing balanitis for more information on hygiene and avoiding irritants. [your.md]

  Irritation of the skin of the glans can lead to inflammation. [medicalnewstoday.com]

  Try to avoid contact with irritants of the genital skin. [dermcoll.edu.au]

  Causes of balanitis Balanitis can be caused by: poor hygiene, leading to a build-up of smegma irritation under the foreskin caused by pee soaps, shower gels, and other skin irritants thrush a bacterial infection a sexually transmitted infection (STI) [nhs.uk]

• Dysuria

  Early symptoms include itching, burning, dysuria, painful intercourse, urethritis with or without discharge; late symptoms include phimosis or paraphimosis. A sclerotic white ring at the tip of the prepuce is diagnostic. [gponline.com]

  Case Report A 71-year-old uncircumcised man presented with a 3-month history of extremely painful genital sores associated with swollen foreskin and dysuria, not preceded by any flu-like symptoms. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Prognosis Prognosis is usually good with treatment. [10] Diagnosis History and symptoms Patients with Zoon's balanitis could present with asymptomatic or symptomatic lesions with: [11] Itching ( pruritis ) in the genitalia region Discomfort in urination ( dysuria [wikidoc.org]

  Dysuria. Interference with urinary flow in severe cases. Obscuration of glans/external urethral meatus. Impotence or pain during coitus. Regional lymphadenopathy. Investigations Blood/urine testing for glucose if diabetes mellitus is possible. [patient.info]

• Genital Lesions

  CASE REPORT Case 1: Male, 37 years old, uncircumcised, was referred to the STD Clinic with a 1 year history of genital lesions and no prior treatment. [scielo.br]

  Non-infectious inflammatory genital lesions. Clin Dermatol. 2014 Mar-Apr. 32(2):307-14. [Medline]. Pileggi Fde O, Nogueira PL, de Melo Coelho MF, da Silveira Orsi G, de Fatima Gali Sorita Tazima M, Vicente YA, et al. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Key words: Circumcision, lasers, nonvenereal disease, topical calcineurin inhibitors, Zoon balanitis INTRODUCTION All the genital lesions are not sexually transmitted. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Lymphocytic Infiltrate

  infiltrate of rare plasma cells in the upper dermis. 3.4 As the disease progresses, atrophy of the epidermis, superficial erosions and a denser plasma cell infiltration appear. 4 The main differential diagnosis should be performed with Erythroplasia [scielo.br]

Weight loss, topical therapy and laser ablation represent treatment options, but these patients are often refractory to treatment. Wollina, U. [dermatologyadvisor.com]

The treatment modalities have also been reviewed in details, and the importance of circumcision as the treatment of choice has been emphasized. Still can't find the full text of the article? We can help you send a request to the authors directly. [pubfacts.com]

[…] of treatment and topical treatment is not curative enough. [urologyannals.com]

RESULTS: The gold standard of treatment for Zoon balanitis has previously been circumcision. More recently, topical calcineurin inhibitors have been shown to be effective. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pietro CAPPUGI Photodynamic therapy for Zoon balanitis Italian Group Radiofrequencies Photodynamic Therapy, LED Phototherapy (GIRTEL), Via della Scala 58, 50123 Florence (Italy), e-mail: [email protected] A recent EJD paper described the successful treatment [docksci.com]

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis Natural history If left untreated, patients with Zoon's balanitis may develop pain, phimosis and paraphimosis. [wikidoc.org]

However, for severe conditions and cosmetic concerns, topical creams, topical lotions, and even surgery may be considered The prognosis of Plasma Cell Balanitis is excellent with suitable treatment, including surgery or laser therapy Who gets Plasma Cell [dovemed.com]

Also Read Myositis - Types, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Prognosis The term "myositis" refers to a set of uncommon diseases. To know more about myositis, read the full article below. [icliniq.com]

Prognosis The prognosis is excellent if appropriate treatment is rendered. Patient Education For patient education resources, visit the Men's Health Center. Also, see the patient education article Foreskin Problems. Zoon JJ. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Prognosis Zoon balanitis is considered a benign entity, although isolated cases have been found in association with squamous cell carcinoma. In 1999, a case of penile carcinoma arising in a patient with Zoon balanitis was described by Joshi. [statpearls.com]

Terminology Also known as balanitis circumscripta plasmacellularis, Zoon balanitis Balanitis: inflammation of glans Epidemiology Middle aged and elderly uncircumcised men Etiology Etiology unknown but probably reactive Clinical features Disease tends [pathologyoutlines.com]

[…] surfaces) Definitions Idiopathic lymphoplasmacellular mucositis-dermatitis is generic term for any inflammatory accumulation of plasma cells at mucosal or cutaneous sites Zoon balanitis is reserved for localized involvement of prepuce or glans penis ETIOLOGY [basicmedicalkey.com]

Although of unknown etiology, different factors have been reported to be involved in its genesis (local infections, poor hygiene, heat, friction, and constant rubbing). [semanticscholar.org]

See also in: Overview Alerts and Notices Synopsis   Zoon plasma cell balanitis, or balanitis plasmacellularis, is characterized by chronic red patches or plaques of unknown etiology involving the glans penis and the foreskin. [visualdx.com]

This article provides an overview of the epidemiology, clinical presentation, histopathological features, and diagnostic criteria and diagnostic methods of ZB. [pubfacts.com]

Terminology Also known as balanitis circumscripta plasmacellularis, Zoon balanitis Balanitis: inflammation of glans Epidemiology Middle aged and elderly uncircumcised men Etiology Etiology unknown but probably reactive Clinical features Disease tends [pathologyoutlines.com]

Epidemiology and Demographics There are no comprehensive studies studying the epidemiology and demographics of Zoon's disease in general population. [wikidoc.org]

Epidemiology It is described as an infrequent entity; however, it is probably underreported or underdiagnosed. Mallon et al. reported 27 cases of Zoon balanitis among 357 patients with the genital disease. [statpearls.com]

Pathophysiology Pathogenesis The exact pathogenesis of Zoon's balanitis is not clearly known, but following theories have been postulated: [5] Accumulation of epithelial debris and secretions between foreskin and penis proximal to coronal sulcus, smegma [wikidoc.org]

Primary Prevention There is no established primary prevention measures for preventing of Zoon's balanitis. [wikidoc.org]

Read more» Osteoporosis: an Important Public Health Problem Osteoporosis is a problem that is largely preventable. This article focuses on the causes of osteoporosis and the availa... [icliniq.com]

In 1863, Virchow noted a connection between inflammation and cancer and sustained that this link may have implications for cancer prevention and treatment [8]. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

However, good hygiene plays an important role in preventing balanitis. [medicalnewstoday.com]

It can be treated, and it’s often easy to prevent with some TLC. You can get balanitis at any age. If you're circumcised, you’re not likely to get it. But if you still have your foreskin, you need to take extra care of the head of your penis. [webmd.com]