The present technique has several advantages such as that (a) only 1 incision is necessary to approach the zygomaticomaxillary buttress and infraorbital rim, (b) it optimizes surgical time, and (c) it avoids periorbital scars. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Presentation Arch fractures may result in trismus, flattening of the midface, asymmetry of the malar regions, or a reduction in oral aperture. [oralmaxillo-facialsurgery.blogspot.com]

• Trismus

  Presentation Arch fractures may result in trismus, flattening of the midface, asymmetry of the malar regions, or a reduction in oral aperture. [oralmaxillo-facialsurgery.blogspot.com]

  / unable to open mouth Aspiration risk May discharge if: Simple fracture only No associated injuries No trismus / trouble opening mouth Soft diet Warn pt to return to ED if: Difficult chewing Visual changes New anesthesia of cheek [fprmed.com]

  Additionally, the fracture components may result in impingement of the temporalis muscle, trismus (difficulty with mastication) and may compromise the infraorbital foramen / nerve resulting in hypoaesthesia within its sensory distribution. [radiopaedia.org]

  Severe displacement may cause direct impingement on the coronoid process, however, and trismus is more pronounced leading to interincisor distance of ~1cm. [medicine.uiowa.edu]

• Chewing Problem

  There has been no case of chewing problems, cheek numbness or progressive enophthalmos developing postoperatively. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Diplopia

  Diplopia fails to resolve after 2-3 weeks. Complications Globe injury. Persistent diplopia requiring delayed surgery. Optic nerve damage. Medial orbital wall fracture Features These are rare in isolation but may accompany orbital floor fractures. [patient.info]

  Symptoms Unilateral periocular haematoma Subconjunctival haemorrhage Swelling Flattened face (sometimes) Palpation Infraorbital fracture steps Lateral orbital border Zygomatic buttress Function tests V2 sensitivity Facialis function Ocular motility Diplopia [med-college.hu]

  Diplopia. Diplopia is the name given to the symptom of blurred vision. Two varieties of diplopia exist; it is important to distinguish between them. [pocketdentistry.com]

  The first type is chiefly characterized by the involvement of the orbit, and often there is some ocular dysfunction such as diplopia, dystopia or enophthalmos. [rbcp.org.br]

• Enophthalmos

  The difference between the two groups was highly statistically significant ( P Enophthalmos : The mean enophthalmos in Group I patients was 2.4 mm and in Group II patients was 1 mm. [ijps.org]

  There has been no case of chewing problems, cheek numbness or progressive enophthalmos developing postoperatively. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Enophthalmos (the eye is sunken). Infraorbital anaesthesia (lower lid, cheek, side of nose, upper lip, upper teeth and gums). [patient.info]

  The first type is chiefly characterized by the involvement of the orbit, and often there is some ocular dysfunction such as diplopia, dystopia or enophthalmos. [rbcp.org.br]

• Fracture

  We applied a navigation system in 6 patients with zygomatic bone fracture. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Facial Edema

  Second, if surgery must be performed while excessive facial edema is present, surgical exposure to determine the position of the ZMC is helpful. [pocketdentistry.com]

  CASE REPORT A 21-yr-old man presented at our department with the chief complaint of right facial edema and deformity that occurred after a blow to the facial area. [e-ceo.org]

  Majority of the patients in this study had middle-energy fractures which are similar to those reported by other authors.[ 8, 9 ] Facial edema and peri-orbital swelling may hamper clinical examination and immediate surgical procedure among these patients [parjournal.net]

• Facial Pain

  For example, nerve diseases like trigeminal neuralgia or Bell's palsy sometimes cause facial pain, spasms and trouble with eye or facial movement. Birth defects can also affect the face. [icdlist.com]

• Facial Swelling

  A 21-yr-old man presented with right facial swelling and deformity after injury. We planned immediate surgical repair for his right tetrapod fracture, but the operation was delayed for two months due to severe hyperthyroidism. [e-ceo.org]

  Clinical investigation Midface fractures are characterised by symmetrical facial swelling, bilateral periorbital ecchymosis and bilateral subconjunctival/ periorbital haemorrhages (raccoon signs) with flattening and elongation of the midface. [racgp.org.au]

• Facial Scar

  Facial Scarring. Any cuts made on the face will produce a scar, which should fade with time and after a few months become difficult to see. Post-op Bleeding. Bleeding can occur from the incision sites, though this is unlikely to be a problem. [exodontia.info]

  This procedure has advantages in that it leaves no facial scars and is simple to perform. The Gillies temporal approach method is used widely in U.K for zygomatic bone fracture [ 9, 10 ]. [trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com]

• Periostal Elevation

  Gillie's technique of reducing fracture zygoma: Small incision is made over temporal area superficial temporal artery is avoided Auricularis superior muscle is cut along the line of its muscle fibers Temporalis fascia is cut with a knife Periosteal elevator [drtbalu.co.in]

  A flat instrument such as a large freer elevator or the broad end of no. 9 periosteal elevator is then inserted between the temporalis muscle and temporalis fascia. [dmrjournal.org]

  Soft tissue was dissected supra periosteally by periosteal elevator. Zygoma was reduced by a superior, lateral and anterior force. Maxillary sinus was packed with white head varnish in two patients. [jpma.org.pk]

Balle V, Christensen PH (1982) Treatment of zygomatic fractures: a follow-up study of 105 patients. Clin Otolaryngol 7(6):411–416 PubMed CrossRef 2. Bosniak Sl, Tizes Br (1987) Trimalar fractures: diagnosis and treatment. [springermedizin.de]

In these cases, treatment consists of repositioning the zygoma and reconstructing the orbit when necessary. [rbcp.org.br]

Table 1 Distribution of patients by treatment protocol Treatment protocol ( n = 25) Age Gender Cause of injury Facial side Type of anesthesia No surgical intervention ( n = 4) 22 Male IPV* Left - 24 Male SPORT † Right - 30 Female RTA ‡ Right - 42 Male [parjournal.net]

In all probability many instruments and methods were devised and used for surgical treatment without being recorded. [jamanetwork.com]

Baek, Jung, Kim, and Kang: Delayed Treatment of Zygomatic Tetrapod Fracture Abstract Since maxillofacial injury is frequently accompanied by other diseases, its evaluation and treatment are open delayed. [e-ceo.org]

[…] temporozygomatic suture fractures of the inferior orbital rim and anterior and posterior maxillary sinus walls and/or diastasis of the zygomaticomaxillary suture fracture of the lateral orbital rim and/or diastasis of the frontozygomatic suture Treatment and prognosis [radiopaedia.org]

Gillie's approach is used for depressed zygomatic fractures. [4] The prognosis of tripod fractures is generally good. [en.wikipedia.org]

Prognosis is usually good. Jaw (mandibular) fracture: Prognosis is usually good. Midface (maxillary) fracture People with midface fractures have a poorer prognosis because of other injuries suffered from the accident that caused their fracture. [emedicinehealth.com]

Prognosis Good prognosis is suggested by: Union of bones. Lack of any deformity. Full range of mandibular movement. [patient.info]

[…] requires surgical intervention. [7] Age Most cases of zygomatic complex fractures occur in young patients in their second to third decades of life, with the exception of fractures due to accidental falls, which are mainly seen in older patients. [7, 8] Prognosis [emedicine.medscape.com]

Iannetti Etiology and incidence of zygomatic fracture: a retrospective study related to a series of 642 patients Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci Year: 2012 Vol. 16 - N. 11 Pages: 1559-1562 [europeanreview.org]

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this paper is to investigate epidemiological data (age, gender), sites, etiology and surgical approach of zygomatic fracture. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

the incidence and etiology varies from country to country. [pubs.sciepub.com]

Results: Most of the patients were male (90.0%), the most frequent etiology was a motorcycle accident (70.0%) and the left side was more affected (60.0%). [jstcr.org]

Etiology Zygoma fractures usually result from high-impact trauma. Leading causes of fractures include assault, motor vehicle or motorcycle accidents, sports injuries, and falls. [oralmaxillo-facialsurgery.blogspot.com]

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this paper is to investigate epidemiological data (age, gender), sites, etiology and surgical approach of zygomatic fracture. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Iannetti Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy. [email protected] BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this paper is to investigate epidemiological data (age, gender), sites, etiology [europeanreview.org]

Covington D.S, D.J Wainwright, J.F Teichgraeber and D.H Parks.Changing patterns in the epidemiology and treatment of zygoma fractures:10 year review. J Trauma 1994;37(2):243-248. Poswillo D.Reduction of the fractured malar by a traction hook. [pacificejournals.com]

Changing patterns in the epidemiology and treatment of zygoma fractures: 10-year review. J Trauma. 1994 Aug. 37(2):243-8. [Medline]. Manson PN, Clark N, Robertson B, et al. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Zygoma Fracture (Simple) General Information Zygoma is 2nd most common facial bone fractured Usual causes of arch fractures MVC or altercation Sports injuries Falls Pathophysiology A low impact injury Requires only 50 Gs Fracture pattern Usually 3 fractures [fprmed.com]

Posteriorly the zygoma articulates with the sphenoid bone Pathophysiology: The zygomatic bone acts as an important buttress between the maxilla and skull. Its prominent location makes it prone to fracture during injuries to facial skeleton. [drtbalu.co.in]

The Whitnall tubercle, which serves a critical role in the maintenance of eyelid contour as the attachment site for the lateral canthal tendon, is located on the zygomatic bone 2 mm behind the lateral orbital rim. [3] Pathophysiology The zygoma is the [emedicine.medscape.com]

Basic Science and Pathophysiology The zygoma forms a large part of the anterolateral wall of the orbit, the lateral margin of the infraorbital rim and the anterior segment of the zygomatic arch. [rcemlearning.co.uk]

Early evaluation and timely intervention can avoid unnecessary treatments and prevent postoperative complications. [e-ceo.org]

In isolated posterior fractures, the infraorbital nerve may block the surgical field, preventing visualization of the fracture site. [docksci.com]

He may also prescribe antibiotics to prevent infection. [webmd.com]

Data were organized with the aid of Epi-Info version 3.4 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA). Descriptive statistics techniques were also used by means of absolute and percentage distributions. [jstcr.org]

In this scenario, facial trauma surgeons can return the bone fragments to their original positions and stabilize them to prevent further movement during healing. [facialtraumamd.com]